I would say you have everything about Ok.
Actually your alternator gives 14.8. What I would say is a bit much. As I remember from theory the optimal charging voltage is 13.8-14.2.
To explain the matter of your issue I have to lay out some theory again. Any current goes over a circle. Here we speak about the charging current. Starting from "+" pole of the alternator it goes to the "+" of the battery terminals, than passes both batteries (parallel), passes "-" terminal, follows through the negative cable to the chassis and the engine block to the alternator's body where alternator's coil provides it to the "+" pole again. And from this point to the next circle.
So you noted the current passes every cable and connection included. Every part of the cycle has some resistance. The current passing a particular part affects loss of voltage. By Ohm's law I=U/R, so U(Volts)= IR.. As you can see the loss would be more if the resistance is greater. Or if the current is greater also. Taking this to attention we have: If you measure the voltage at the alternator's pole (and it's body) on a test bench you see 14.8V. In this case the current from alternator goes through your tester only and is minor. The voltage loss is minor either so you see full volts. Than you attach the alternator straight to the batteries. The resistance of the circle consists of those straight (and good) wires. So there's a drop from 14.8 to 13.2. I'd say the cables you used in that case were not fatt enough. When you tested your truck originally with the stock wires (and long unserviced connections) you got 12. Than when you disconnected both the batteries (and interrupted current through them) you saw 14.8. About neither current went through the alternator excepting very small which passed the gauge coil so you saw almost all what alternator could produce.
There's one more point (if you still have some power to follow my brain-burning tale). Your tester shows voltage (or a loss of voltage) exactly between the points of the circle you put test wires to the ends of. What this mean. When you put your tester onto the alternator you see the alternator's voltage (actually including its internal loss on it's coil). But it produces so you see all it produces. When you check on battery(s) you see the voltage loss on it (the part of alternator's produced voltage which actually PROVIDES CHARGE). Talking formally this voltage is also a loss. Just a useful loss. If you put your tester between the battery pole and alternator pole you would see the loss along that part of the cables. Interesting question is where the stock gauge is attached to. Usually closer to the battery poles to show how batts do. But if you pretend to know WHAT IT ACTUALLY SHOWS you should learn the points it is attached to.
One more side of the story. If you look again at Ohm's law you can see voltage (loss of voltage in our case) depends on current either. This explains for example why you see a drop on V gauge when batts are discharged. Alternator produces more current to charge them up and they're "hungry" to accept. But all the charge circle has its own resistance of cables and (poor) connections. Having existing resistance and higher current at the same time the voltage loses more on those resistance. As a follow you see lower Volts at the batteries - the rest of what alternator gave minus those increased losses.
Sooo... If you'd like to see higher number on the clock check out all the wire connections along the charging circle. Including connections of the alternator to the engine block. Minor but important note. If you noted I mentioned battery's internal resistance. As long as the current goes through a battery, there's some voltage loss in it. And it gives some drop in what gauge shows. So you will always saw less Volts on your gauge with batteries connected (and being charged) as on a "naked" alternator.
Now on a positive note (from which I started) - there's not such hard matter of the issue. When you batteries are good (and being not deeply discharged) they don't require strong charging current. Less current means less loss of voltage. So as higher the batts are charged as less meaning in the low voltage you observe.
Hope you haven't damned me seven times reading all that this can help